Exzo Network Whitepaper
A Safe, Scalable, and Upgradeable Web3 Infrastructure featuring EVM compatibility, and 100% decentralization.
Prior to the full implementation of the Exzo Network, the Exzo Networks core team may publish updates to this white paper, even substantial updates. It is therefore subject to correction, completion and amendment without notice. Please visit Exzo.Network for the most up-to-date documentation of the Exzo Network.
In the evolving tapestry of the digital transformation era, blockchain technology emerges as a pivotal anchor of decentralized systems, offering promise in its transparent, immutable, and democratic infrastructure. However, as industries and individuals alike have begun their migration to blockchain solutions, certain inherent challenges—scalability, cost, and adaptability—have often hindered its mass adoption. The Exzo Network, conceived and crafted at the confluence of advanced cryptographic techniques and visionary Web3 principles, aspires to metamorphose these challenges into milestones. Designed not merely as another layer, but as a robust foundation, it strives to revolutionize how businesses and individuals transact, store, and interface with digital data. This whitepaper delves deep, elucidating our pioneering approach, which blends optimal scalability, cost-efficiency, versatility, and user-friendliness. We explore Exzo's unique architecture, its holistic ecosystem designed for developers, and its pragmatic application in reshaping industries like finance and healthcare. As we venture forward, the Exzo Network doesn't just seek to be a part of the Web3 landscape; it aims to redefine it.
The past few years have witnessed a paradigm shift in the way we live and interact with each other. The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly accelerated this transformation by forcing people to turn to digital solutions for work, commerce, and communication. Trends like remote work, e-commerce, and online meetings have driven an increased demand for innovative digital technologies.
However, with this digital transformation comes the challenge of data privacy and control. As a result of the rapid growth of digital monopolies, our confidential information is no longer solely under our control. Large corporations manage our personal data for their own purposes, often at the expense of our privacy. This is the dark legacy of Web 2.0, a reality that has left many individuals feeling frustrated and powerless.
The solution to these challenges lies in the emergence of Web 3.0, a decentralized vision of the internet that empowers individuals with the ability to control their data and regain privacy. With the advancements in blockchain technology, Web 3.0 offers a path towards a more authentic and open digital space, where decentralized applications are distributed across domain-specific clusters, erasing the boundaries between online and offline.
The decentralized nature of Web 3.0 promises to give individuals the power to take control of their data and move away from the centralization, censorship, and control that are prevalent in Web 2.0. The collective efforts of billions of people will drive the creation of a new digital world, one that values privacy, security, and individual freedom above all else. It's an exciting time for digital innovation and a chance for us to shape the future of the internet in a way that benefits us all.
The emergence of Web 3.0 is driven by a growing demand for online privacy, security, and control of personal data. With the advent of blockchain technology, the decentralization of the internet has become a reality, transforming industries and shaping the future of the digital landscape.
Web 3.0 represents a new era of the internet, where online and offline merge into a seamless and authentic experience, fueled by decentralized applications across domain-specific clusters. The collective actions of billions of individuals, companies, and technologies come together to create a harmonious, yet complex ecosystem, leading to improved outcomes for all.
This new paradigm shift promises to bring increased transparency, security, and privacy to the internet, enabling people to regain control over their data and participate in a more equitable and democratic digital world. The Exzo Network, with its focus on scalability, security, and decentralization, is at the forefront of this revolutionary transformation.
The adoption of blockchain technology has increased rapidly since 2015, and this trend is expected to continue in the coming years. However, it is challenging to predict the exact adoption rate of blockchain technology with certainty as it is a rapidly evolving field and several factors such as government regulations, technological advancements, and market forces can influence its adoption.
From 2015 to 2020, blockchain technology saw significant growth in the financial services industry with several banks and financial institutions exploring its use for payments, remittances, and digital asset management. The growing popularity of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Ethereum, and others also helped raise awareness and drive adoption of blockchain technology.
In recent years, the use of blockchain has expanded beyond the financial services industry, and several other industries have started exploring its use. For example, in supply chain management, blockchain technology is being used to increase transparency, reduce fraud, and improve the tracking of goods. In the healthcare industry, blockchain is being used to secure patient data and streamline clinical trials.
Looking ahead, it is expected that the adoption of blockchain technology will continue to grow, and by 2030, it could become a mainstream technology. However, the pace of adoption will depend on several factors such as the development of more user-friendly and scalable blockchain platforms, the clarification of regulatory frameworks, and the willingness of businesses and consumers to adopt this new technology.
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Blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize various aspects of our lives, both economically and socially, and can pave the way for a digital society that is secure, transparent, and efficient. As a decentralized ledger technology, it operates on the principle of immutability and traceability, making it a safe and reliable means of storing data and transmitting value.
Blockchain technology is a trusted platform for safeguarding sensitive personal data and can provide a secure mode of access for authorized parties. This is critical in an era where the growth in AI and IoT has resulted in an exponential increase in the use of customer data. The maturity of blockchain technology, combined with its potential to provide increased security, transparency, and efficiency, makes it an attractive solution for customers who are looking to protect their sensitive data.
The blockchain is designed to operate as a decentralized database, which eliminates the need for centralized management and ensures that data is secure and tamper-proof. Furthermore, it allows organizations to share a common database, which can be verified and updated by multiple parties in a secure and efficient manner.
While the blockchain has reached a certain level of maturity, the technologies that support its user experience (UX) and user interface (UI) are still in their infancy. Soon, they will face similar conflicts that led to the development of today's internet standards. As per the predictions of Gartner, by 2024, 30% of sensitive personal data of customers will be protected through blockchain-based licenses, demonstrating the rapid growth and potential of this technology.
Blockchain technology has the potential to transform the way we interact, store, and transmit data in the digital world. As the technology continues to evolve and mature, it will play a significant role in shaping the future of digital society, enabling us to create a more secure, transparent, and efficient world.
The Exzo Network is a visionary project that aims to shape the future of the digital world by combining the power of blockchain technology and innovative solutions. Our mission is to create a decentralized ecosystem of products and services that prioritize transparency, community involvement, and privacy.
We understand the changing needs of society and are dedicated to providing secure and efficient platforms for businesses and individuals alike. Our primary focus areas are data privacy, logistics, and Decentralized Finance (DeFi).
We believe that the internet should be free and self-governed, driven by the collective intelligence of the community. That is why we have placed significant emphasis on privacy, especially for medical and genomic data, and on building secure and transparent ecosystems for Web 3.0.
The Exzo Network is designed to be one of the fastest and most secure blockchain platforms in the industry, making it easier for enterprises to build upon it. We are constantly exploring state-of-the-art cryptography and consensus protocols to create scalable, secure, and decentralized solutions.
Our goal is to create user-centered services that offer the best of both centralized and decentralized worlds. We are developing intuitive user interfaces and making it accessible for developers, enterprises, and individuals globally to join our community-governed ecosystems.
Exzo Network Blockchain’s performance is unparalleled, outpacing most of the existing blockchain platforms. We are confident that the focus on scalability, security, and decentralization will help it tackle the blockchain trilemma and bring the next generation of decentralized solutions to the world.
Exzo Network | Ethereum | Polygon | Binance | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Transaction Throughput | 75K+ TPS | ~15 TPS | Up to 7000 TPS | Up to 470 TPS |
Transaction Fee | ~ $0.000006 | ~$5 | ~ $0.001 | ~ $0.2 |
Transaction Finality | ~400ms-1.2s | ~ 7 mins (32 blocks) | 30 mins to 1.5+ hours | ~ 45 sec |
Consensus mechanism | DPoS | PoS | PoS | PoS |
EVM compatible | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Rust compatible | Yes | No | No | No |
Exzo Network has taken a bold approach to resolving scalability issues by deploying a state-of-the-art solution, synergizing the power of Solana with our own unique and innovative capabilities. The networks commitment to decentralization is reflected in our community-driven ethos, where members hold a decisive voice in shaping the roadmap and outcome of the Exzo Network through voting mechanisms.
This democratic approach, combined with the open accessibility of the Exzo Network as a developer, validator or delegator, solidifies the networks standing as a completely decentralized blockchain that has no single owner or centralized authority and is owned by the people.
The initial developers of Exzo Network embarked on a comprehensive research effort, examining a variety of technologies, to create a project that would revolutionize the blockchain landscape. With a deep understanding of the limitations of existing blockchain technology, we aimed to address both user needs and the fundamental challenges of the blockchain ecosystem.
Our solution is built upon a foundation of Solana, which we have augmented with cutting-edge advancements to deliver a secure and user-friendly platform. The Exzo Network Blockchain represents a convergence of technologies, seamlessly integrated to maximize performance while preserving security and decentralization.
Exzo Network was built on a holistic approach to solving complex challenges. That is why we have meticulously crafted a platform that brings together a diverse set of technologies to create a truly innovative blockchain. The result is a blockchain platform that is not only scalable, secure, and decentralized, but also user-friendly, making it one of the most sought-after solutions in the market.
Furthermore, we would like to describe the set of technologies that unite together to make Exzo Network Blockchain one of the most scalable, secure, decentralized, and user-friendly blockchain platforms on the market.
- Exzo Wallet
- Ethereum Virtual Machine (SVM)
- Solana Virtual Machine (SVM)
Exzo Network Account
Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)
Exzo Network Vault
Built in Solana Framework
Exzo Network Freedom
Exzo Network dApps
Exzo Network features a passwordless authentication system, offering users the ability to access a range of services securely and without the need for a password. The solution utilizes Exzo Network Accounts, providing users with a seamless and secure experience. To further mitigate risk, we have introduced innovative authorization quotas, which add an extra layer of security to our authentication system.
By eliminating the need for passwords, our authentication system not only provides users with a more convenient experience, but it also significantly reduces the risk of password-related security breaches. Our authorization quotas further enhance the security of our platform, making it one of the most secure authentication systems offered by blockchain technology
The advent of Ethereum marked a major milestone in the evolution of blockchain technology, introducing the concept of developer-friendly smart contracts that enabled the creation of a wide range of decentralized applications. These applications, some of which formed widely used ERC standards, leveraged the power of Ethereum's decentralized network to bring new levels of security and innovation to various industries.
However, despite Ethereum's success, developers faced the challenge of high transaction costs and limited performance, leading to the development of Ethereum 2.0 with improved efficiency. Despite this progress, the Exzo Network team recognized the opportunity to take a different approach to solving these challenges.
The Exzo Network leverages the most advanced blockchain technology to provide a platform for writing Ethereum smart contracts, allowing developers to take advantage of the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) within the Exzo Network ecosystem. This opens up new possibilities for the DeFi market and decentralized Ethereum applications, providing faster transaction speeds, lower fees, and expanded capabilities.
By bridging the gap between the Ethereum network and the Exzo Network blockchain, developers will be able to reap the benefits of both platforms, leveraging the established DeFi market and the advanced capabilities of the Exzo Network ecosystem. This innovative approach sets the Exzo Network apart as a leading player in the decentralized finance space and a valuable resource for developers looking to bring their applications to the next level.
Reaching consensus in a blockchain network is a complex process that involves synchronizing nodes to ensure the accuracy of transactions. The challenge lies in the fact that nodes are distributed globally and have varying data processing capacities. As a result, synchronization time and network bandwidth directly impact the number of transactions that can be processed per second (TPS). While decentralized networks like Bitcoin have a TPS capacity of 7, and EOS can handle around 4000 TPS, centralized payment systems like Visa provider a significantly lower TPS capability of 1700.
However, it is important to note that the trade-off between TPS capacity and decentralization is a crucial consideration in the development of blockchain technology.
The Exzo Network represents a new standard in the world of blockchain and e-payments, leveraging the impressive capabilities of the Solana blockchain to offer a solution that outperforms its competition.
While Solana is known for its high TPS capabilities and market-leading performance, the Exzo Network takes it a step further. The Exzo Network has taken Solana's innovative technologies, including GPU utilization, parallel transaction processing, Proof-of-History (PoH), and Golfstream, and added an unrelenting focus on delivering the best user experience possible through the integration of the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) to enable a stronger developer presence for the ecosystem.
During our testing of Solana for a full network load, bandwidth reached ~60,000 TPS, and this is not the limit - in theory, it can reach 710,000 TPS on the standard gigabyte network. Though a gigabyte network is not typically present.
By utilizing Solana's strengths and augmenting them with our commitment to delivering the ultimate user experience, the Exzo Network is able to offer fast and efficient transaction confirmations with low transaction fees and fast block times of 400ms. Additionally, the Exzo Network is constantly evolving, incorporating new and innovative technologies through the communities commitment to mainstream adoption.
The Exzo Network presents a cutting-edge solution for enhancing the speed and affordability of cryptocurrency transactions. By leveraging the power and security of our blockchain, we are able to provide a truly secure decentralized custodian experience. Our platform also offers multiple authentication options, including Google and Apple authentication and our own Exzo Network Account, to ensure a user-friendly experience. Moreover, our technology is versatile, with the ability to store any confidential data in a distributed manner, preserving privacy at all times. These benefits are just the tip W124QEof the iceberg, as the possible applications of our technology are virtually limitless.
By building your project on the Exzo Network, users can enjoy the benefits of a blockchain-based solution without even realizing it. This is because all transactions are executed in the background, providing a seamless user experience. Additionally, by leveraging the Exzo Network's infrastructure, you can avoid the need for users to pay transaction fees for read and write operations, making the experience even more user-friendly.
However, as the creator of your project, you retain the option to monetize your platform through fees, if desired. The Exzo Network enables you to automatically and effortlessly charge fees in your project's token, without interrupting the user's experience. This gives you the flexibility to monetize your project in a way that aligns with your business model, without sacrificing the user's experience.
Decentralized Applications
High-performance dApps focused on user privacy and flexibility.
Decentralized Finance
Insightful solutions that bring decentralized finance up a level.
Non-fungible Tokens
Top-quality NFT art that brings in much-needed monetization.
Data management
Firmly secure private data, speed up data transfers, and lower data storage costs.
Metaverse
Immersive metaverse projects with a reliable digital edge.
Web 3.0
Forward-minded projects developed with the Web 3.0 principles.
Logistics
Utilize smart contracts to automate logistics and flow of information.
Artificial Intelligence
Leverage the power of blockchain to power your artificial intelligence solutions.
Play-to-Earn Games
Play-to-Earn game concepts implemented at the max potential.
Plus so much more!
The complexity of blockchain technology and its associated services can be a hindrance to widespread adoption, as the current user experience often requires a significant amount of technical knowledge, such as understanding cryptographic keys, transaction fees, and the risks of irreversible mistakes. This can lead to disappointment and frustration for the average user, who may opt for well-established alternatives such as Google, PayPal, or WeChat, sacrificing privacy, security, and digital freedom in the process.
One example of this complexity is Metamask, a popular wallet app in the blockchain industry. While it provides an interface for integrating with websites, the process of signing and broadcasting transactions can be confusing and overwhelming for the average user. This is compounded by the need to properly manage wallet seed phrases and add EVM networks or tokens via smart contract addresses.
In order to overcome these challenges and expand their audience, blockchain projects need to focus on improving the user experience. They need to strive for a level of simplicity and ease-of-use that is comparable to leading tech companies such as Google and Apple.
This is where Exzo Network Account comes in, with its mission to make the world of blockchain and cryptocurrency accessible and understandable to everyone, regardless of technical knowledge. By streamlining the user experience and reducing the complexity of interacting with blockchain technology, Exzo Network Account aims to facilitate the widespread adoption of blockchain and drive the industry forward.
https://wallet.exzo.network
Exzo Network Account | MetaMask | Email/Password | |
|---|---|---|---|
User friendly | ✔ | X | X |
Enables payments | ✔ | ✔ | X |
Easy to use | ✔ | X | ✔ |
Flexible permissions settings | ✔ | X | X |
Detailed history of transactions and sessions | ✔ | X | X |
Decentralized | ✔ | ✔ | X |
Respects privacy | ✔ | ✔ | X |
No app or extension needed | ✔ | X | ✔ |
With Exzo Network Account authentication, interaction with cryptocurrencies are facilitated to the level of centralized technology convenience without sacrificing user privacy and security.
· Newcomers can start their decentralized journey from the Exzo Network Account, without having to manage private keys and passwords directly.
· Users can view all connected apps and active sessions on all devices, with the ability to terminate sessions and revoke any app's permissions at any time.
· For more comfortable permissions setup and login confirmation, users can use Exzo Network Account with biometric authentication on their devices.
· The transaction confirmation screen is free from technical details, providing only the necessary and verifiable information to the user.
· Sending an ERC-20 token to a dApp does not require multiple confirmations and transactions.
· Any user can choose their preferred method of protecting private keys and accounts.
· With an Exzo Network Account, users have no need to dive into the technical part if they don't want to.
Exzo Network Accounts are designed to revolutionize the way people interact with blockchain technology by eliminating the hurdles that have traditionally made it difficult to adopt. With a focus on user-centered design, Exzo Network Accounta present a seamless and intuitive interface that eliminates the technical complexities typically associated with blockchain solutions. This makes it easy for users to migrate from centralized to decentralized solutions without having to worry about the underlying technical details.
Exzo Network Account's philosophy is centered around the idea that technology should adapt to users, not the other way around. By making the transition to WEB 3.0 services effortless and accessible, Exzo Network Account is removing the barriers to entry for both users and projects. Any project can easily integrate Exzo Network Account into their solution, which will result in improved user experience and increased conversions.
As advocates for decentralization, we hold cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum in high esteem for their significant contributions to the development and proliferation of decentralized money and smart contracts. However, as average users, we cannot overlook the issues associated with these systems, such as slow and expensive transactions, despite their long-standing security and cryptography.
While there are numerous solutions on the market that promise almost instantaneous and free transactions, they require users to transfer their coins into centralized custody. These solutions are able to offer speedy and cost-effective transactions by maintaining a centralized ledger of balances for all their users. As a result, transfers between users are no more than a small adjustment in a digital "spreadsheet," which is inherently fast and cheap.
Nevertheless, such centralized services face significant challenges. By relying on a single, centralized entity to maintain a ledger, users are at risk of fraud, theft, and data breaches. Furthermore, by placing all their trust in a third-party service, users surrender control over their assets and expose themselves to potential censorship.
In a future where data is the driving force for decision making from industries such as healthcare, finance, logistics, marketing, and many more. Taking a decentralized self-custody approach is the key to ensuring individuals privacy, freedom, and safety. With examples such as artificial intelligence being able to tackle increasingly complex problems and data breaches being pushed all over the internet this creates an issue for the people due to the complexities involved with the frameworks around regulating artificial intelligence and the uses of it.
As in the present time individuals typically have no control over their medical data or medical history and can only gain copies of it. This induces serious privacy and security risks for these individuals especially as whole genome sequencing gains more adoption for precision medicine approaches. There are several threats involved in keeping centralized online digital databases for storing this data as biological warfare, discrimination against subsets of individuals, and discrimination against individuals for pre-hereditary diseases or genes per say can be utilized to suppress classes of individuals based upon their genetic makeup.
Hence, the above statements are just examples of what could come it is apparent that the need for decentralization not only for financial systems but healthcare data and other systems as well, which is why the Exzo Network was developed.
Let’s analyze the most common drawbacks of resorting to such solutions:
- 1.Transferred control of your assets — service keeps the private keys, which means that if there are some problems with accessing the service, your private keys are at significant risk of being compromised.
- 2.Hacking and hacker attacks — there exist almost no exchanges that haven’t been subject to attacks or thefts of users’ funds in one form or another.
- 3.Changes in service conditions — at any moment, the service can impose restrictions or limits on services, including the deposit/withdrawal of funds from your accounts.
- 4.Account blocking and freezing — upon request of regulatory bodies or police/ security services, the custody service may be required to limit user access to the platform and therefore their stored crypto.
- 5.No anonymity — according to FATF rules, the service must collect user data and provide information to regulators upon request. KYC has its perks, but to many, it is a key factor to avoid.
Our primary objective was to create the fastest and most secure blockchain system in the world. To this end, we explored the concept of using a custody service, which utilizes a fast and inexpensive ledger solution to accelerate and reduce costs associated with other cryptocurrency systems. However, security is a major concern with centralized custody services, prompting us to investigate the potential for a decentralized ledger technology (DLT) to serve as a ledger for custody.
In the past, there were no suitable cryptographic solutions to address the problem of decentralized custody. We discovered that for true decentralized custody to exist, users cannot hold the secret keys required for transferring coins held in custody. This necessitates a protocol that allows validators in the custody system to generate a secret key in a distributed manner, preventing any small group from restoring the key. Furthermore, the protocol must permit users to send transactions to an address in the system with the corresponding public key.
With the ability to conduct fast transactions within our chain and hold Bitcoins (or other cryptocurrencies) in custody, we now confront the issue of exiting custody. For a decade, this challenge prevented the creation of a truly decentralized custodian. To exit custody, we require a transaction from the custodian to the user. However, invoking the protocol for restoring the secret key of the custodian will enable any validator to sign a transaction that demands the coins be transferred to their address, potentially leading to incorrect transaction verification.
Thus, a method for signing transactions in a distributed manner, without restoring the secret key itself, is required. This is a significant mathematical problem, and we need to delve deeper into the underlying protocols to develop a solution.
We will begin by introducing basic definitions and gradually move into the specifics of the necessary protocols. We will also briefly describe existing solutions, their limitations, and our motivation for selecting the solution we have chosen.
ℤ de n otes the set of all integers fr o m 0 to − 1 with operations of addition and multiplication performed modulo . ℤ w ill be the set of scalars that will be multiplied by
G — the base point of the elliptic curve that is used in the digital signature scheme from the considered cryptocurrency network. For example, p = 2^256 − 2^32 − 2^9 − 2^8 − 2^7 − 2^6 − 2^4 − 1 for the case of secp256k1 that is used in ECDSA for Bitcoin and Ethereum systems. But in Solana, a different number is used for the curve Ed25519 in EdDSA, and there are other examples too.
So why do we need these scalars (multipliers)? The answer is very simple: in every public-key elliptic curve cryptography scheme, the secret key is just an element of ℤ. The corresponding public key is always ∗ , where, again, is the base point of the curve. Now we can move to the signature scheme itself.
For simplicity of arguments, we will only consider the ECDSA used in Bitcoin, Ethereum and others. In this signature scheme, when a user has a secret key , the corresponding public key , a message to be signed, coded as an element of ℤ , the two protocols for signing and verification are:
Protocol 1. Sign (m ,sk ,pk)
- 1.Sample a random element κϵZp
- 2.Compute the curve point R = K ∗ G, and its -coordinate rx (mod p).
- 3.Compute the signature sig = (m + sK ∗ rx) ∗ k^−1 (mod p).
- 4.Publish the pair ( rx, sig ).
Protocol 2. Verify (rx, sig, pk, m)
- 1.Compute the curve point
V = (m ∗ G + rx ∗ pk) ∗ sig^−1. - 2.Accept the signature if and only if the -coordinate of matches modulo .
The Exzo Network core contributors undertook a thorough evaluation to find the optimal solution for a decentralized network capable of securely managing billions of units. After reviewing 48 different consensus mechanisms, including 34 proof-based protocols, 7 vote-based systems, and 8 alternative (DAG) solutions, it became apparent that compute intensive strategies were not suitable due to their high energy consumption, negative environmental impact, and limitations in scalability and transaction throughput.
Although capability-based protocols offer potential for reducing energy consumption, they create an unequal advantage for those with more resources and leave the system vulnerable to malicious attacks. On the other hand, while voting-based protocols improve scalability and transaction throughput, they come at the cost of reduced decentralization and increased energy consumption due to high data transfer rates.
There is an pressing need for a cutting-edge blockchain consensus protocol that can address the growing disparity between current protocols and customer demands. This innovative solution must prioritize energy efficiency, decentralization, scalability, and lightning-fast transaction processing to effectively support rapidly growing collaborative ecosystems.
After considering all these factors, our team has determined that the DPoS consensus mechanism provides the most comprehensive solution that balances network requirements and participant needs. It is the ideal choice for bridging the gap between current protocols and customer demands.
· It enables greater scalability over the traditional PoW and PoS consensus uses by Bitcoin, BNB, Ethereum, and Polygon.
· The network is uniquely democratic and decentralizes governance through the election of delegates that represent its users.
· The entrance threshold in DPoS consensus is extremely low which makes it one of the most decentralized consensus mechanisms due to anyone's ability to participate in the network and it's governance decisions.
· DPoS mechanisms provide enhanced protection from double-spend attacks.
The complexity of consensus mechanisms and blockchain technology as a whole means that a careful and well-planned approach is essential. The establishment of proper settings and rules of interaction within the network is crucial to ensure that the network operates efficiently and securely.
The implementation of consensus mechanisms and other elements of a blockchain network must be done in such a way that they are able to adapt to changing conditions and meet the evolving needs of the network. The rules of interaction within the network must be designed to encourage collaboration and prevent any malicious activities that could compromise the security and stability of the network.
The Tokenomics of Exzo Network is founded on the principles of DPoS economics, providing an ecosystem that incentivizes and rewards the participation of network participants. This economic model is designed to optimize interactions among participants, making it easier for them to collaborate and act for the benefit of the network. The goal is to create a harmonious and mutually beneficial environment where participants can thrive and contribute to the growth and success of the network.
In essence, the Tokenomics of Exzo Network is a set of economic rules and regulations that govern the behavior of participants in the blockchain network. By aligning the interests of participants with the goals of the network, it ensures that everyone is working together towards a common goal and is motivated to act in the best interest of the network. This results in a dynamic and thriving ecosystem that is beneficial to all parties involved
Exzo Network's token economy is designed to foster a robust and self-sustaining ecosystem that aligns participant incentives with the security and decentralization of the network. The primary actors in this economy are validation clients, who are rewarded through a combination of protocol-based incentives and transaction fees.
Protocol-based rewards are generated from an inflationary issuance schedule and constitute the primary source of incentives for validation clients in the early stages of the network. The inflation rate is disinflationary, providing the network with a predictable supply and promoting long-term economic stability.
Transaction fees, on the other hand, are attached to network interactions as motivation and compensation for the validation and execution of proposed transactions. The fees are partially burned to ensure long-term economic stability and protect against network forks.
Exzo Network's inflation schedule is uniquely defined by its parameters, with an emphasis on providing a predictable supply. The network's adjusted staking yield considers the impact of token dilution on participant behavior, while storage rent economics aim to account for the cost of maintaining the active state of the ledger.
As mentioned above, the network's Inflation Schedule is uniquely described by three parameters: Initial Inflation Rate, Dis-inflation Rate and Long-term Inflation Rate. When considering these numbers, there are many factors to take into account:
- A large portion of the XZO issued via inflation will be distributed to stake-holders in proportion to the XZO they have staked. We want to ensure that the Inflation Schedule design results in reasonable Staking Yields for token holders who delegate XZO and for validation service providers (via commissions taken from Staking Yields).
- The primary driver of Staked Yield is the amount of XZO staked divided by the total amount of XZO (% of total XZO staked). Therefore the distribution and delegation of tokens across validators are important factors to understand when determining initial inflation parameters.
- Yield throttling is a current area of research that would impact staking-yields. This is not taken into consideration in the discussion here or the modeling below.
- Overall token issuance - i.e. what do we expect the Current Total Supply to be in 10 years, or 20 years?
- Long-term, steady-state inflation is an important consideration not only for sustainable support for the validator ecosystem and the Exzo Network Foundation grant programs, but also should be tuned in consideration with expected token losses and burning over time.
- The rate at which we expect network usage to grow, as a consideration to the dis-inflationary rate. Over time, we plan for inflation to drop and expect that usage will grow.
Based on these considerations and the community discussions following the initial design, the Exzo Network proposes the following Inflation Schedule parameters:
- Initial Inflation Rate: 8%
- Dis-inflation Rate: −15%
These parameters define the proposed Inflation Schedule. Below we show implications of these parameters. These plots only show the impact of inflation issuances given the Inflation Schedule as parameterized above. They do not account for other factors that may impact the Total Supply such as fee/rent burning, slashing or other unforeseen future token destruction events. Therefore, what is presented here is an upper limit on the amount of XZO issued via inflation.
In the above graph we see the annual inflation rate [%] over time, given the inflation parameters proposed above.
Similarly, here we see the Total Current Supply of XZO [MM] over time, assuming an initial Total Current Supply of 35
,40,50 XZO (i.e. for this example, taking the Total Current Supply as of 02/10/2023 and simulating inflation starting from that day).Setting aside validator uptime and commissions, the expected Staking Yield and Adjusted Staking Yield metrics are then primarily a function of the % of total XZO staked on the network. Therefore we can we can model Staking Yield, if we introduce an additional parameter % of Staked XZO:
% XZO Staked=
Total Current Supply / Total XZO Staked This parameter must be estimated because it is a dynamic property of the token holders and staking incentives. The values of % of Staked XZO presented here range from 50%-90%, which we feel covers the likely range we expect to observe, based on feedback from the investor and validator communities as well as what is observed on comparable Proof-of-Stake protocols.
Again, the above shows an example delegated rewards that a delegator might expect over time on the Exzo Network with the Inflation Schedule as specified. This is an idealized Staked Yield as it neglects validator uptime impact on rewards, validator commissions, potential yield throttling and potential slashing incidents. It additionally ignores that % of delegated XZO is dynamic by design - the economic incentives set up by this Inflation Schedule are more clearly seen when Token Dilution is taken into account (see the Adjusted Staking Yield section below).
The values below represent the values of tokens needed to be accepted as a potential validator or delegator on the Exzo Network:
- 1.To become a Validator user needs to get at least 10k of XZO Tokens
- 2.To become a Delegator user should have at least 1 XZO DPOS (Delegated Proof of Stake) provides the opportunity for delegators to “vote” on potential validators by staking tokens on them and increasing their chances of becoming validators.
Category | % of Initial Token Distribution | Amount of XZO | Anticipated Distribution Schedule |
|---|---|---|---|
Community | 32.87% | 44,374,500 | Released to the community upon launch as a fair launch. |
Core Contributors | 15% | 20,250,000 | Vested for 36 months and released over the next 3 years. |
Grants | 5% | 6,750,000 | Governed by the community to give to new projects. |
CEX Market Making | 5% | 6,750,000 | Distributed to centralized exchanges for market making. |
Airdrops | 1.2% | 1,620,000 | Distributed via airdrops to bring awareness to the network over the next 62 months. |
Venture Capital | 15% | 20,250,000 | Distributed towards people who get rugged or scammed on our network via governance voting. |
Node Validator Rewards | 25.93% | 35,000,000 | Reward emissions distributed to node validators over several years. |
• Native token name = Exzo
• Native token symbol = XZO
• Wrapped token name = Wrapped Exzo
• Wrapped token symbool = WXZO
- Genesis pre-mined supply = 100,000,000 (100 Million XZO)
- Max Total supply = 135,000,000 (135 Million XZO)
- Total circulating supply = 100,000,000 (100 Million XZO)
- Burn Rate = 50% of gas fee's
- Inflation rate = ~9%
- XZO initial starting price = $0.08
- Exzo Network
- Ethereum
- BNB Chain
- Binance Smart Chain
- Polygon
- Avalanche C-Chain
- Fantom
- Optimism
The small fees paid to process instructions on the Exxzo Network blockchain are known as "transaction fees".
As each transaction (which contains one or more instructions) is sent through the network, it gets processed by the current leader validation-client. Once confirmed as a global state transaction, this transaction fee is paid to the network to help support the economic design of the Exxzo Network blockchain.
NOTE
Transaction fees are different from account rent! While transaction fees are paid to process instructions on the Exzo Network network, rent is paid to store data on the blockchain.
Transaction fees offer many benefits in the Exxzo Network economic design described below. Mainly:
- They provide compensation to the validator network for the CPU/GPU resources necessary to process transactions
- Reduce network spam by introducing real cost to transactions
- Provide long-term economic stability to the network through a protocol-captured minimum fee amount per transaction
NOTE: Network consensus votes are sent as normal system transfers, which means that validators pay transaction fees to participate in consensus.
Many blockchain networks (e.g. Bitcoin and Ethereum), rely on inflationary protocol-based rewards to secure the network in the short-term. Over the long-term, these networks will increasingly rely on transaction fees to sustain security.
The same is true on Exxzo Network. Specifically:
- A fixed proportion (initially 50%) of each transaction fee is burned (destroyed), with the remaining going to the current leader processing the transaction.
- A scheduled global inflation rate provides a source for rewards distributed to Exxzo Network Validators.
As mentioned above, a fixed proportion of each transaction fee is burned (destroyed). This is intended to cement the economic value of XZO and thus sustain the network's security. Unlike a scheme where transactions fees are completely burned, leaders are still incentivized to include as many transactions as possible in their slots.
Burnt fees can also help prevent malicious validators from censoring transactions by being considered in fork selection.
In the case of a Proof of History (PoH) fork with a malicious, censoring leader:
- due to the fees lost from censoring, we would expect the total fees burned to be less than a comparable honest fork
- if the censoring leader is to compensate for these lost protocol fees, they would have to replace the burnt fees on their fork themselves
- thus potentially reducing the incentive to censor in the first place
Transactions fees are calculated based on two main parts:
- a statically set base fee per signature, and
- the computational resources used during the transaction, measured in "compute units"
Since each transaction may require a different amount of computational resources, they are alloted a maximum number of compute units per transaction known as the "compute budget".
The execution of each instruction within a transaction consumes a different number of compute units. After the maximum number of compute units has been consumed (aka compute budget exhaustion), the runtime will halt the transaction and return an error. This results in a failed transaction.
Recently, Exxzo Network has introduced an optional fee called the "prioritization fee". This additional fee can be paid to help boost how a transaction is prioritized against others, resulting in faster transaction execution times.
The prioritization fee is calculated by multiplying the requested maximum compute units by the compute-unit price (specified in increments of 0.000001 lamports per compute unit) rounded up to the nearest lamport.
Transactions are required to have at least one account which has signed the transaction and is writable. Writable signer accounts are serialized first in the list of transaction accounts and the first of these accounts is always used as the "fee payer".
Before any transaction instructions are processed, the fee payer account balance will be deducted to pay for transaction fees. If the fee payer balance is not sufficient to cover transaction fees, the transaction will be dropped by the cluster. If the balance was sufficient, the fees will be deducted whether the transaction is processed successfully or not. In fact, if any of the transaction instructions return an error or violate runtime restrictions, all account changes except the transaction fee deduction will be rolled back.
Transaction fees are partially burned and the remaining fees are collected by the validator that produced the block that the corresponding transactions were included in. The transaction fee burn rate was initialized as 50% when inflation rewards were enabled at the beginning of 2021 and has not changed so far. These fees incentivize a validator to process as many transactions as possible during its slots in the leader schedule. Collected fees are deposited in the validator's account (listed in the leader schedule for the current slot) after processing all of the transactions included in a block.
- Exzo Network testnet development - on time
- Exzo Network testnet deployment - on time
- Decentralized exchange (DEX) development - on time
- ExzoSwap non-custodial mobile app development - on time
- NFT marketplace development - on time
- Staking dApp development - on time
- ExzoSwap Alpha testing launch - on time
- Decentralized exchange testnet deployment - on time
- Exzo Network testnet deployment with internal testing - on time
- Exzo Network testnet deployment to public Beta - on time
- Exzo Network node validator incentivized program - on time
- Decentralized exchange mainnet deployment - on time
- Staking dApp testnet deployment - on time
- Testnet block explorer development - on time
- Mainnet block explorer development - on time
- Exzo Network testnet ecosystem dApp development - on time
- Exzo Network smart contract audits - on time
- Launchpad partnership development - on time
- Exzo Network Mainnet deployment - on time
- XZO pre-listed on CoinMarketCap - on time
- XZO pre-listed on CoinGecko - on time
- XZO fair launch public sale on launchpad partner(s) - on time
- Develop CEX listing partnerships for XZO - on time
- Develop RPC provider partnerships for the Exzo Network - on time
- Testnet block explorer deployment - on time
- Mainnet block explorer deployment - on time
- Launchpad development - on time
- Cross-chain bridge development - on time
- non-custodial mobile wallet deployment to mainnet - on time
- CEX listing(s) for XZO preparation
- Team expansion (2-4 developers)
- Corporate partnership(s) development for payment processing using XZO
- Web3 wallet extension development - ahead of schedule
- Goal of 50-100 node validators
- Ecosystem expansion
- Launchpad deployment to mainnet - on time
- Cross-chain bridge deployment to mainnet - on time
- non-custodial mobile wallet deployment to mainnet - on time
- Exzo Network web wallet and node delegation development
- Exzo Network mobile wallet and node delegation development
- Web3 wallet extension beta testing
- Metaverse development discovery or partnership creation
- Healthcare data management Web3 wallet discovery and planning phase
- Goal of 100 node validators
- Stable coin discovery phase or partnership with established project
- NFT Marketplace discovery phase or partnership/grant towards a project
- Loginless account development
- Exzo Pay for eCommerce and merchants development
- Exzo Network web wallet and node delegation public beta testing
- Exzo Network mobile wallet and node delegation public beta testing
- Goal to have 5-20 projects building on Exzo Network or integrating Exzo Network
- Exzo Network grant and governance voting established
- Dedicated RPC node providers partnerships and ecosystem expansion
- Loginless account public beta testing
- Exzo Pay for eCommerce and merchants public beta testing
- Web3 wallet extension deployment
- Goal to have 20-50 projects building on Exzo Network or integrating Exzo Network
- CEX listings
- Exzo Pay for eCommerce and merchants public launch
- Loginless account public launch
- 1.Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). ethereum.org. (n.d.). Retrieved October 19, 2022, from https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/evm/
- 2.Creadore, S. G. (2022, October 10). Exzo network whitepaper. Exzo Network Developer Documentation. Retrieved November 2, 2022, from https://docs.exzo.technology/
- 3.Nguyen, Cong & Dinh Thai, Hoang & Nguyen, Diep & Niyato, Dusit & Nguyen, Huynh & Dutkiewicz, Eryk. (2019). Proof-of-Stake Consensus Mechanisms for Future Blockchain Networks: Fundamentals, Applications and Opportunities. IEEE Access. PP. 1-1. 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2925010.
- 4.Saltini, Roberto & Hyland-Wood, David. (2019). IBFT 2.0: A Safe and Live Variation of the IBFT Blockchain Consensus Protocol for Eventually Synchronous Networks.
- 5.OpenZeppelin. (n.d.). Retrieved November 2, 2022, from https://www.openzeppelin.com/
- 6.Team, S. (n.d.). Solidity programming language. Solidity Programming Language. Retrieved November 2, 2022, from https://soliditylang.org/
The information described in this paper is preliminary and subject to change at any time. Furthermore, this paper may contain forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or our future performance. This includes, but is not limited to, Avalanche’s projected performance; the expected development of its business and projects; execution of its vision and growth strategy; and completion of projects that are currently underway, in development or otherwise under consideration. Forward-looking statements represent our managements beliefs and assumptions only as of the date of this presentation.
These statements are not guarantees of future performance and undue reliance should not be placed on them. Such forward-looking statements necessarily involve known and unknown risks, which may cause actual performance and results in future periods to differ materially from any projections expressed or implied herein.
Exzo Network undertakes no obligation to update forward looking statements. Although forward-looking statements are our best prediction at the time they are made, there can be no assurance that they will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially. The reader is cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements.
Users, individuals, entities and companies purchasing Exzo (XZO), Wrapped Exzo (WXZO) including any associated coin/token or using any of Exzo Networks associated servicees and/or products undeniably agree and fully understand that Exzo Network and it's associated developers do not hold any responsibility of gains or loses and can not be held resposible for any actions that may lead to such by any users on the network. These same Users, individuals, entities and companies undeniably agree that Exzo (XZO), Wrapped Exzo (WXZO) and any affiliated coin/token are not an investment of money, not an investment in a company, not an investment in a managing team, and not a form of security, stock, or anything else resembling such. Therefore, by utilzing Exzo Networks services, products, or purchasing Exzo (XZO), Wrapped Exzo (WXZO), or any affiliated coin/token you hereby agree it is to be utilized and thought of strictly as a utility coin/token within the Exzo Network ecosystem to power the economy of products and services within the network and forfeit any deniability to claims stating otherwise and cannot pursue any legal or non-legal action towards any developer developing or any founder the Exzo Network. These same individuals also hold full responsibility of their own countries, state, or governing bodies laws and regulations and hereby revoke any responsibility towards of Exzo Network and any associated developer or community member or contributor of any responsibility regarding these laws and regulations and legal action as the responsibility is upon the user since Exzo Network is owned by the community and community operated.
Users also agree and undeniably understand that Exzo Network is decentralized, community driven, and the communities responsibility to maintain and keep running and this is not a responsibility of the core contributors or developers or founders. As the founders, developers, and core contributors hold zero ownership or responsibility over the Exzo Network and are only community participants.
You acknowledge and agree that there are numerous risks associated with purchasing XZO, holding XZO, and using XZO for participation in the Exzo Network Platform. In the worst scenario, this could lead to the loss of all or part of the XZO which had been purchased. IF YOU DECIDE TO PURCHASE XZO, YOU EXPRESSLY ACKNOWLEDGE, ACCEPT AND ASSUME THE FOLLOWING RISKS:
The regulatory status of XZO and distributed ledger technology is unclear or unsettled in many jurisdictions. The regulation of virtual currencies has become a primary target of regulation in all major countries in the world. It is impossible to predict how, when or whether regulatory agencies may apply existing regulations or create new regulations with respect to such technology and its applications, including XZO and/or the Exzo Network Platform. Regulatory actions could negatively impact XZO and/or the Exzo Network Platform in various ways. The Foundation, the Distributor (or their respective affiliates) may cease operations in a jurisdiction in the event that regulatory actions, or changes to law or regulation, make it illegal to operate in such jurisdiction, or commercially undesirable to obtain the necessary regulatory approval(s) to operate in such jurisdiction. After consulting with a wide range of legal advisors and continuous analysis of the development and legal structure of virtual currencies, a cautious approach will be applied towards the sale of XZO. Therefore, for the token sale, the sale strategy may be constantly adjusted in order to avoid relevant legal risks as much as possible.
As at the date hereof, the Exzo Network Platform is still under development and its design concepts, codes, and other technical details and parameters may be constantly and frequently updated and changed. Although this white paper contains the most current information relating to the Exzo Network Platform, it is not absolutely complete and may still be adjusted and updated by the Exzo Network team from time to time. The Exzo Network team has no ability and obligation to keep holders of XZO informed of every detail (including development progress and expected milestones) regarding the project to develop the Exzo Network Platform, hence insufficient information disclosure is inevitable and reasonable.
The development of the Exzo Network Platform greatly depends on the continued co-operation of the existing technical team and expert consultants, who are highly knowledgeable and experienced in their respective sectors. The loss of any member may adversely affect the Exzo Network Platform or its future development. Further, stability and cohesion within the team is critical to the overall development of the Exzo Network Platform. There is the possibility that conflict within the team and/or departure of core personnel may occur, resulting in negative influence on the project in the future.
There is the risk that the development of the Exzo Network Platform will not be executed or implemented as planned, for a variety of reasons, including without limitation the event of a decline in the prices of any digital asset, virtual currency or XZO, unforeseen technical difficulties, and shortage of development funds for activities.
Hackers or other malicious groups or organizations may attempt to interfere with XZO and/or the Exzo Network Platform in a variety of ways, including, but not limited to, malware attacks, phishing attacks, supply chain attacks, and brutal attacks. Furthermore, there is a risk that a third party or a member of the Foundation, the Distributor or their respective affiliates may intentionally or unintentionally introduce weaknesses into the core infrastructure of XZO and/or the Exzo Network Platform, which could negatively affect XZO and/or the Exzo Network Platform. Further, the future of cryptography and security innovations are highly unpredictable and advances in cryptography, or technical advances (including without limitation development of quantum computing), could present unknown risks to XZO and/or the Exzo Network Platform by rendering ineffective the cryptographic consensus mechanism that underpins that blockchain protocol.
In addition, the potential risks briefly mentioned above are not exhaustive and there are other risks associated with your purchase, holding and use of XZO, including those that the Foundation or the Distributor cannot anticipate. Such risks may further materialize as unanticipated variations or combinations of the aforementioned risks. You should conduct full due diligence on the Foundation, the Distributor, their respective affiliates, and the Exzo Network team, as well as understand the overall framework, mission and vision for the Exzo Network Platform prior to purchasing XZO.
Last modified 13d ago